Calculate radioactive decay and remaining quantity over time.
N(t) = N₀ × (½)^(t/t½). Carbon-14 half-life: 5,730 years (radiocarbon dating). Iodine-131: 8.02 days (medical imaging). Uranium-238: 4.47 billion years. Sources:
Princeton EHS (C-14),
EPA (iodine),
EPA (uranium). Used in archaeology, medicine, and nuclear physics.
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