Calculate the present value of a future sum of money, accounting for the time value of money.
Present Value (PV) is the current worth of a future sum of money given a specific rate of return. The concept is based on "time value of money" — a rupee today is worth more than a rupee tomorrow because today's rupee can be invested to earn returns.
PV = FV ÷ (1 + r/n)^(nt). For example: To receive ₹5 lakh in 5 years at 10% discount rate = PV of ₹3,10,461.
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